实时功率控制在激光切割机的应用研究

利用光纤激光切割机进行板材切割的时候拐角处常有过烧的现象,这是由于激光切割尖角时,长时间加热带来热量积聚所造成的,为克服该缺点,本系统基于速度控制的激光功率控制,可有效降低烧角现象。实现结果表明该方法可以有效的提高零件的切割质量。     

含磷废水中稀土除磷及沉淀剂再生

基于已有热力学数据,对稀土除磷过程及沉淀产物的再生过程分别进行了热力学计算,绘制了25℃下lg c?pH图,为含磷废水中磷的资源化利用和无害化处置提供理论支撑。结果表明:采用稀土处理含磷废水时在pH 2.70~8.66范围内沉淀,可生成稳定的LaPO4(和CePO4)沉淀,实现磷的去除;再生过程pH在14.5~16.0范围内,LaPO4(和CePO4)可转变为La(OH)3(和Ce(OH)3)实现沉淀剂的再生与磷的回收。采用La(OH)3和Ce(OH)3处理30 mg/L的含磷溶液,磷沉淀率分别为99.72%和96.33%;采用4 mol/L的NaOH溶液分解沉淀产物,反应3 h后La(OH)3和Ce(OH)3的再生率分别为30.38%和63.38%。     

银钯合金靶材废料的综合回收研究

采用硝酸浸出-选择性分离钯-沉淀分离铟-抗坏血酸还原银的湿法工艺分离回收银钯合金靶材废料中贵金属银钯。结果表明,用4 mol/L硝酸,90℃加热,120 min即可完全浸出所有金属;浸出液采用理论量1.6倍的丁二酮肟可以完全沉淀分离99.9%以上的钯;将滤液调节至pH=5,其中的铟、铁、镓等可被沉淀分离得到纯净的硝酸银溶液;控制富银液pH 8~10,用0.8倍银质量的抗坏血酸可将银完全还原,银粉直收率大于96%。     

基于FPGA的电机伺服器设计

文中针对传统的8位单片机由于计算功能等条件限制和系统内部体系结构,在实现各种高效的控制算法和先进的电机控制理论时面临的着成本高,系统复杂程度高等问题.该设计采用模糊比例算法,即在大范围内采用模糊控制,以提高系统的动态响应速度,建立系统模型.通过现场可编程门阵列FPGA的数字电子系统对电机进行控制,以硬件电路算法实现算法程序,将原来的电路板级产品集成为芯片级产品,为电动机数字控制提供了一种新的有效方法.该设计的优点:低功耗,可靠性高,低成本.     

基于有限元模型的超声切割刀优化设计

超声切割刀在材料加工领域中有广泛的应用前景,可用于切割各种复合材料等硬脆材料。该文利用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立超声切割刀的有限元模型,对其进行模态分析和谐响应分析。仿真结果显示,超声切割刀在40kHz频率附近存在轴向纵振模态,其振动节点位于安装环和压电陶瓷中心线上,符合设计要求。基于有限元模型研制超声波切割刀,通过阻抗分析仪与激光多谱勒测振仪对换能器的固有频率与响应进行测试,获得的超声切割刀阻抗曲线平滑,谐振频率为40.261kHz,设计误差为0.83%,最大振幅达到14.52μm,结果与有限元计算相互吻合。     

氢氧能源机的工艺技术优势与应用

中国五矿长沙矿山研究院研发的氢氧能源机由IGBT逆变电源、自动控制系统、氢氧发生功能模块、主水箱、副水箱、水气分离系统、压力自动侦测系统、冷却系统、介质循环系统、防回火系统等功能单位系统组成。其工艺和技术都高于行业标准,安全性能很高,切割工艺的适应性较强,且更加经济、安全。可在替代高能耗、高污染的传统燃气设备在钢铁切割、汽车发动机除碳、医疗垃圾焚烧、锅炉催化燃烧、针剂拉丝封口、民用燃气等多个领域得到推广和普遍应用。     

The 2013 reforms of the Flemish renewable electricity support: Missed opportunities

The Flemish renewable electricity support system has struggled to address a number of problematic issues in the past. These included excessive profit margins and general malfunctioning of the green certificate market, as well as a lack of qualification of various existing renewable energy technologies. The Flemish government responded to these issues by introducing major reforms in 2013, including “banding” to differentiate the support for various technologies. However, reliable methods for differentiating renewable electricity technologies and calculating support levels have not been sufficiently developed. The main objective of the 2013 reforms was to reduce support costs, but application of German feed-in tariffs on 18 reference technologies has shown that most projects in Flanders continue to receive high levels of support. The 2013 reforms did not succeed in addressing malfunctioning of the green certificate market. On the contrary, the confidence of investors in renewable electricity plants has decreased as the terms of support can be altered retroactively by adjusting remuneration levels and through political interventions. Future adaptations are likely to be made which will further decrease the overall stability and effectiveness of the system.     

利用炼化企业低温余热的低温多效蒸馏海水淡化技术

简要介绍了炼化企业的低温余热回收利用现状,阐述了目前低温多效蒸馏海水淡化技术(LT-MED)的发展水平、技术特点和发展趋势.以某沿海石化企业为例,对利用低温余热LT-MED技术的技术方案和成本进行了分析,得出的结论是:炼化企业低温余热回收系统的回收热水温度一般为95～100℃,取热温度为65～70℃,与MED技术的运行参数较为吻合;用MED技术生产的一级除盐水价格一般在4～6元/m3,而沿海炼化企业的一级除盐水的价格普遍高于7元/m3,视全厂所需的除盐水量适时进行建设,应该可以取得较好的收益.     

Effects and modelling of ultrasonic waste‐activated sludge disintegration

Sonication is a well‐known sludge pretreatment technique with the advantages of simple operation and high efficiency. However, it is an energy‐intensive process. Hence, it is very important to predetermine its sludge disintegration efficiency at varying pretreatment conditions in order to minimize the ultrasonic energy consumption. In this study, it was found that the ultrasonic sludge disintegration occurred in two stages: rapid and subsequent slow disintegration stages. For this reason, it was aimed to develop a simple and accurate mathematical model to describe the two‐stage sludge disintegration as a function of pretreatment conditions. Sludge concentration and ultrasonic density along with sonication period were involved in this model as independent variables. It was determined that the mathematical model can predict accurately the degree of sludge disintegration. Thus, the proposed model was seen to be very useful for evaluating the disintegration efficiency and/or for process design using the operating parameters under different conditions.     

A thermo-hydro-mechano-chemical formulation for modeling water transport around a ventilated tunnel in an argillaceous rock

Argillaceous rocks are being considered as potential host rocks for deep geological disposal. For the research work in DECOVALEX-2011, 5 participant research teams performed simulations of a laboratory drying test and a ventilation experiment for Mont Terri underground laboratory built in argillaceous rock formation. Our study starts with establishing a coupled thermo-hydro-mechano-chemical (THMC) processes model to simulate water transport in rock around the ventilated tunnel. Especially in this THMC formulation, a three-phase and two-constituent hydraulic model is introduced to simulate the processes which occur during tunnel ventilation, including desaturation/resaturation in the rock, phase change and air/rock interface, and to explore the Opalinus clay parameter set. It can be found that water content evolution is very sensitive to intrinsic permeability, relative permeability and capillary pressure in clay rock. Water loss from surrounding rock is sensitive to the change of permeability in clay which is induced by excavation damaged zone. Chemical solute transport in the rock near ventilation experiment tunnel is simulated based on the coupled THMC formulation. It can be estimated that chemical osmotic flow has little significance on water flow modeling. Comparisons between simulation results from 5 teams and experimental observations show good agreement. It increases the confidence in modeling and indicates that it is a good start for fully THMC understanding of the moisture transportation and mechanical behavior in argillaceous rock.